Equal Pay For Whites And Blacks Essay - 1333 Words

Many of these Americans have a set idea and mentality that blacks deserve less. As Borbely explained I would have to agree with him. I believe that in order for equal pay for both whites and blacks who have all worked the same should be treated equally. I have a good feeling that whites want to remain on top only so that they can have the power and self satisfying feel. That way they know that things go their way or no way at all. I want to believe that one day everyone will come to the realization that we are all the same and that it is just the shade of my skin that separates us. However, in reality whites will always feel that they have the upper hand for they are treated better and they are allowed to also get away with much more. From what I’ve seen in my experiences, whites are set up in life to succeed no matter what they do. If they fail, they will be seen as someone who’s tried hard but just needs a push. If they make a mistake then it’s okay because eve ryone makes mistakes. If they commit a crime, most times due to the corrupted system they are either let go or punished easily. As if it was to be a black person, then they will be treated harsher for they should know better; and are not allowed to make mistakes. It’s not okay for them to need assistance. Overall, society placed levels of tolerance and levels of expectations for everyone and for blacks it s been set at an all time low preventing them from at times attempting to prove otherwise. Although, Borbely,Show MoreRelatedAfrican American Soldiers During The Civil War902 Words   |  4 Pagesthe South who enlisted to fight. By 1865, the South allowed slaves to enlist, but very few actually did. During the Civil War, blacks were treated like trash compared to the white troops. White troops got better pay; to be exact they were paid three dollars and fifty cents more than black troops (Estell 2). Woodlin said African American Soldiers were being paid less than White Soldiers. African-American soldiers fought and died in major Civil War actions in the future and received not only bad treatmentRead MoreThe First Wave Of Women s Suffrage Movement1653 Words   |  7 Pagesvoice of African-American women because this wave occurred during the civil rights movement. Second wave feminism also included important issues such as sexual and reproductive rights, legal abortions, birth control pills, and the passing of the Equal Pay Act (1963). All feminists live to create ideologi es and movements that support the equality of women, but it is clear that second wave feminists were substantially different in their aims than earlier feminists (Gizberg). The goal of this paper isRead MoreWhite Privileges During The Past History1661 Words   |  7 PagesWhite Privileges By: Kayliene Peschel Herzing University 3/27/2016 They fought for their freedom, to not be slaves; they fought for their freedom to be an equal. But yet they are still paid lower and thought of as â€Å"problem people†. How is white privilege still seen today? White privileges are still happening today in our non-segregated era, we are thought to be equal but there are still imbalances with our social and economical ways. In this paper, I will discuss howRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Stock Market Analysis907 Words   |  4 PagesThe story To Kill A Mockingbird is about a lawyer named Atticus defending a black man named Tom Robinson in a poor country full of racism. His kids Scout and Jem are being taking care of by a black lady named Calpurnia. Atticus want’s everyone to be treated equally. Harper Lee, author of To Kill A Mockingbird, gives the reader a gist of the 1930’s in many ways using real life situations. Harper Lee describes life during the 1930’s by comparing Maycomb to the Stock Market. In the book To Kill ARead MoreThe Four Year Long Civil War1418 Words   |  6 PagesThese tensions placed black slaves in the middle as an object the was in a tug of war between the two sides. In the end, slavery was abolished and the rights of freed slaves were thus added to the Constitution in the fourteenth amendment that prohibited their exclusion from the unalienable rights of a United States citizen, nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the lawsRead MoreGlory Movie Analysis Essay636 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscriminatory actions on the black troops. At the beginning of the Civil War, African Americans were not allowed to serve in the U.S. military. By the summer of 1862 it was clear that additional troops were needed. To meet the need, Congress passed two b ills that allowed the participation of black soldiers in the Union Army. The Government established segregated units called The Bureau of Colored Troops. The measure lacked popular support and the U.S. Army did not begin recruiting black soldiers until 1863Read MoreThe Segregation Of Black Soldiers996 Words   |  4 PagesUnion against slavery, it also became a symbol of hope for black people, who for many years were subjected to the maltreatment and prejudices by their fellow man. This was evident in the inequalities of black soldiers within the Union army, in which it was still commonly complacent during the Civil War. The Union’s practices of denying black soldiers the opportunity of a commission as an officer, paying them less than their fellow white counterparts, allowing them to face harsher treatment as prisonersRead MoreThe Butler By Lee Daniel1654 Words   |  7 PagesLee Daniel’s The Butler, a 2013 historical drama, follows the life of a man born to slaver y, finds love and has a son that fights for equal rights, fights for equal pay himself, then dies after Obama becomes president. Cecil Gaines is born to a time of slavery in 1919 in Georgia. In the beginning of the movie, Cecil’s mother is being taken and raped by the plantation owner. Cecil, clearly upset by the abrupt action looks to his father for a solution. Giving in to Cecil’s pleas, the father confrontsRead MoreBlack Soldiers in the Civil War964 Words   |  4 PagesFight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War Historical Background Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letter, U.S., let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket, there is no power on earth that can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship. Ââ€"Frederick Douglass The issues of emancipation and military service were intertwined from the onset of the Civil War. News from Fort Sumter set off a rush by free black men toRead MoreTrue Freedom Or Starvation Blues. What Does It Mean To1239 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican Americans in the New South. In Richard Wright’s â€Å"Black Boy†, a detailed memoir of his childhood in the early twentieth century, this new type of â€Å"freedom† is subtly introduced in the beginning and thoroughly developed throughout the book. The horrible situations and crude treatment Wright witnesses and experiences growing up can generally be explained from the very divergent viewpoints of two different societies: those of the white southerners and those of the freed African Americans.

The Center For Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Essay

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale created a 19-question survey to measure the student’s depressive symptoms within the in-home interviews associated within the Add Health Research (CES-D; Radloff, 1977). The questions observed a scale of depressive symptoms such as feeling lonely, feeling depressed, and feeling too tired to do things. The Add Health research established that overall participating student reported low levels of depressive symptoms between students with homosexual parents and heterosexual parents. Results of the Add Health research for depressive symptoms were M = 10.73, SD = 7.25, on a scale of 0 to 57, with higher scores indicating greater levels of depressive symptoms. Anxiety stood at M = 0.82, SD = 0.53, measured on a scale ranging from 0 to 28, higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety. And results showed high levels of self-esteem at M = 4.02, SD = 0.53, on a scale from 6 to 30, higher scores indicating higher self-esteem (â₠¬Å"Psychosocial Adjustment, School Outcomes, and Romantic Relationships of Adolescents With Same-Sex Parents†, 2004). â€Å"As expected, multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) revealed no differences in adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment, which included depressive symptoms, anxiety, and self-esteem, between off- spring of same-sex couples and offspring of comparison families headed by opposite-sex couples† (â€Å"Psychosocial Adjustment, School Outcomes, and Romantic Relationships of Adolescents With Same-SexShow MoreRelatedMaternal Depression And Its Impact On Infant Health1144 Words   |  5 PagesMaternal Depression and its’ Impact on Infant Health â€Å"Maternal Depression† is a term that includes a range of depressive conditions, which impact mothers while pregnant and up to 12 months after delivery (NIHCM). Such depressive conditions include prenatal depression, postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis (NIHCM). In this paper, current literature that examines both prenatal depression and postpartum depression in relation to infant health will be reviewed. Prenatal depression includesRead MoreSummaries of Screening or Assessment Instruments1310 Words   |  5 PagesInstrument One: Zung, WW (1965). Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. RCMAR Measurment Tools. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from HYPERLINK http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/mhealth/ZungSelfRatedDepressionScale.pdfhttp://healthnet.umassmed.edu/mhealth/ZungSelfRatedDepressionScale.pdf The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale was originally published in 1965. The verion of the scale that I located was free. This is a scale test administered to a depression patient. It consists of 20 items that the patientRead MoreSymptoms And Diagnosis Of Antenatal Depression813 Words   |  4 Pagesto 30, with depression indicated at a cut-off score of ≠¥10 in postpartum studies (Cox, Holden, Sagovsky, 1987). It is considered highly reliable for postpartum screening with a sensitivity of over 90% and a specificity between 77% and 88% (Chaudron et al., 2010). The EPDS is considered a more effective tool in antenatal screening compared to other recognized depression screening instruments such as the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) or the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)(FreedRead MoreIs Depression A Serious Mental Illness?1219 Words   |  5 Pages Depression is a serious mental illness that is more than just a sad feeling. It has proven to be much more complex and has associations with personality as well as its traits, specifically two out of the Big Five personality traits; neuroticism and conscientiousness (McCrae Costa, 1999). The research conducted by Philip I. Chow and Brent E. Roberts of the Department of Psychology at the University of Illinois, have conducted their own research to provide evidence that these static levels ofRead MoreDrug Users And Its Effects On America1090 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the article, â€Å"Gender Differences in Social Support and Depression among Injection Drug Users in Houston, Texas†, written by the authors Jan Rousser, Alice Cates, Hafees, Reman and William Risser in 2010, there are many injection drug users in Houston Texas. Injection drug users are frequently exposed to sexually transmitted diseases and also many different kinds of drugs. Injection drug users are also exposed to many sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV and AIDS due to their riskyRead MoreThe Theory Of Chair Yoga948 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract The goal of the pilot study was to determine whether chair yoga was effective in reducing pain and improving function and emotional well-being for the sample group of elderly patients living with osteoarthritis. Effectiveness was assessed at the baseline, midpoint, and end of the 8 week study. The outcome of the study found improvement in physical function and reduced stiffness, but emotional well-being was not improved, and pain still persisted. The authors plan to further explore theRead MoreHow Does Meditation Change The Brain And Body1443 Words   |  6 Pages How Does Meditation Change the Brain and Body The implications of meditation have long been controversial and abundant research studies have been done in support of meditations potential to change the brain and body. The results within this research paper center on main changes in the brain such as reducing depression, effecting levels of cognitive flexibility, and creativity due to meditation. The research also focuses on variations within the body as well as changes that may be included in bothRead MoreResearch Studies On Developmental Origins Of Health And Disease1504 Words   |  7 PagesEarly Adversity, Elevated Stress Physiology, Accelerated Sexual Maturation, and Poor Health in Females Purpose Recent research studies on developmental origins of health and disease involving adverse developmental experiences and environmental exposures early in life have shown to link adverse developmental experiences and environmental exposures early in life with stress physiology thus indicating a possibility of accelerated reproductive development and aging in females. It is predicted that cortisolRead MoreHow People View Mental Illness As A Whole ( Jimenez, Bartels, And Alegria1469 Words   |  6 Pages There are many different cultural influences that determine how people view mental illness as a whole (Jimenez, Bartels, Alegria, 2013). Recognizing different cultural attitudes towards healthcare and mental illnesses, such as depression, between several racial minority older adults with common mental illnesses is very important (Jimenez et al.). There are many differences between racial groups when looking at the older adults beliefs on the causes of mental illness, barriers theRead MorePsychotropic Medication Use During Pregnancy Case Study1043 Words   |  5 PagesRegister, which contains maternal demographics and health information, the Hospital Discharge Register, which contains information on somatic and psychiatric diagnoses, and information gathered from yearly examinations of the children included in the study. With the information provided by these registries, the mother-child dyads were grouped into four conditions: those exposed to SSRIs from one month bef ore conception to the end of pregnancy (15,729 dyads); those exposed to psychiatric disorders during

Problem Oriented Policing free essay sample

Science is one of the most marvelous advancements in today’s society due to the analysis and research that has been done to accompanied brilliant minds. Analysis is essential for advancement, whether we are referring to economical topics, medical, or social developments. Analysis and research is the cornerstone of every valuable development. Problem oriented policing fosters the principles of analysis, bisection of the problem and cures to its causes, all within the rams of human discretion. Problem oriented policing was developed by Professor Herman Goldstein, who taught at the University of Wisconsin, located in Madison. The first initiative to problem oriented policing was tested in Madison police headquarters in 1979(Eck 119). The development of problem oriented policing as the new way of policing led to the development of SARA, which was develop in Newport News, Virginia in 1987 by John E. Eck and William Spellman (Braga 134). Problem oriented policing stresses a hand full of proactive models of combating crime in our communities. But throughout the course of the years the one thing that police innovations have showed us is that every innovation comes with strengths and shortcomings. Nevertheless, problem-oriented policing has been an influential and trendy form of policing in our contemporary era. In the article Is Problem-oriented Policing Effective in Reducing crime and Disorder? DavidWeisburd and his colleagues mention the popularity it has had with our federal agencies â€Å"The U. S. federal agency, the Office of Community-Oriented Policing Services (COPS), adopted POP as a key strategy and funded the Center for Problem-Oriented Policing (popcenter. org) and developed more than 50 problem-specific guides for police† (pg. 141). The Problem-Oriented Policing center it was created to make it easier for law enforcement agencies to access information to prevent crime more easily. The POP center is non-profit, and developed by universities, police practitioners, and researchers. The website offers valuable information ranging from analysis tools, teaching aid, important research studies outcomes, and guidelines. Most of the problem oriented policing guidelines require the police officers concentration on high-call locations. It also requires the police to be connected with other government and private agencies, in order to tackle crime from the root of the problem, agencies must come together. The use of mediation and negotiation skills from the officers is also very important, since now they would be dealing differently than they are used to dealing with crime. A more discriminate use of powers and procedures from the officers, as well as using civil law to control public nuisances, offensive behavior and conditions contributing to crime. Problem oriented policing has a more hands on approach about the community problems, the officer would have to use his/her common sense to deal with everyday job situations. Problem oriented police argues that enforcing laws without scanning and analyzing the problem will not help the community prevent that specific problem. In other words, in a debate of policy versus common sense, the common sense should win. John E. Eck in his article Science, Values, and Problem-oriented Policing: Why Problem-oriented Policing? beautifully describes problem-oriented policing’s main approach â€Å"It shifts policing to a scientific approach to preventing crime and away from the routine application of the law† (117). Creativeness is one of its main components, officers using the problem-oriented policing model should not treat every situation as a routine procedure. Officers should ask questions in order to properly address the community problems. This gives the officers discretion for every case, but not with first analyzing the problem. As John Eck mentions â€Å"If police focused more on what they were supposed to accomplish -addressing problems officers could be provided with meaningful guidance in how to use their discretion, this reducing the chances of inappropriate actions† (120). The main idea is to enhance the police experience by moving away from incident-driven policing and identifying the problems that lead citizens to call for assistance. Ultimately leading to the intervention in the mechanisms that cause the problems So how can the police officers, our police officers, acquire such expertise? Through SARA, these are the clean straightforward guidelines to the problem oriented approach. SARA stands for scanning which would be the process of accumulating knowledge to identify patterns and, then the core of the problem. Analysis, which is the process of further investigating the nature of the problem and its causes; part of the analysis may also have the victim or target in mind, such as victimization in the past. Analysis can also have the location in mind, is this location a hot spot? meaning is this location high on crime offenses. Or most importantly analysis can also analyze the offender, is this a repeat offender? and why is he committing this crime. Analyzing can go as swiftly as just asking more questions than an officer would usually do. Response, a very important element in problem oriented policing, this is where the implementation of a planned strategy takes place in order to deal with the problem. Sometimes this responses involve the community and other private businesses within public meetings to address a community problem. And finally an assessment, and evaluation of the impact of the responses that were implemented, this allows to understand what worked and what did not, and what else could be learned. SARA has been useful in its simplicity to describe the basic elements of problem oriented policing. First, it challenges the officers to scan the problem, crime, and situation. In this scanning process the officers are encouraged to use their informal knowledge to help with the cause, by informal knowledge, meaning information they might acquire through community ties, or information about a specific subject they might know or be specialized about. By scanning, the police can identify the problem that is affecting the community. Some of the ways they can scan for problems as well as response to them is through community meetings, asking the community for their input. But unlike community policing, the community is not necessarily needed for SARA to occur. That is the versatility of problem oriented policing, it is not necessary to have a great relationship with the community to deter crime. Which is incredibly important in urban areas, where the sense of community is quite limited, and crime is high and difficult to stop. They can also identify a recurring problem by the number of 911 calls coming into the police department about a certain issue. This can give them an insight into the lifes of the residents of that community, what are the problems that they are facing, who are the victims, who are the perpetrators and other specific details that can help in the process of analysis. The officers then analyze the identified problem; this is where most of the police officers fall short. Anthony A. Braga and David Weisburd understand and mention this limitation in their article Problem-oriented Policing: The Disconnect Between Principles and Practice â€Å"While problem oriented policing has blossomed in both concept and practice problem analysis has been the slowest part of the process develop† (134). The analysis step in problem oriented policing is designed to determine questions as complex as; why is this specific place or individual being targeted? Also, why is this perpetrator committing this type of offense? We need to remember that problem oriented policing has to be extremely specific when analyzing a problem. Paying attention to small details is necessary for a problem-oriented police officer. The analysis process is crucial to reveal targets for police intervention. However, the police might not be fully equipped to handle the analysis procedure that is needed for that specific problem. After all, human activities are complex and require of plenty analytical approaches. And police officers were not trained with this research expertise. Most importantly, most police officers are quite content and Some officers simplify their analysis process, failing to ask more questions and be creative; others might just skip the analysis process completely. However, John E. Eck argues that even if SARA is not implemented in the most adequate way by the officers â€Å"findings from numerous studies show that even a little analysis makes detectable improvements in police effectiveness† (Eck 124). In other words, every little bit counts, problem oriented policing is not doing any harm by asking their police officers to stop and think before they auto-pilot in their procedures. The response is then closely related to its previous analysis; the response in problem oriented policing should not be a periodic response. The response in a problem oriented situation should be done in the discretion of a police officer with an unrestricted ideology. A spontaneous approach is necessary to develop a solution for the cause of the problem, not just the problem. However, some police officers might be frustrated with a certain problem, this pushes them to react with less innovative responses and utilize monotonous procedures to end the problem, but not the cause. Anthony Braga mentions this shortcoming â€Å"The response for many problems usually relies heavily upon traditional police tactics† (140). Assessment is the last step of SARA, this means stepping out of the problem-oriented box, and examining the impact that the police intervention has done to the root of the problem. This is obviously necessary to ensure that the police goals have been achieved. Also, it ensures that the resources handed to the police by their citizens and government agencies have been used effectively. Michael S. Scott in his article Getting the Police to Take Problem- Oriented Policing Seriously made an interesting comparison, which can also serve as a simple description of Problem Oriented Policing â€Å"The use of the term ‘problem’ in the context of policing would be understood in much the same way the term ‘disease’ is understood among health professionalsâ€Å"(51). Problem Oriented policing is as simple as using a little of common sense but as complex as a disease. Whether problem- oriented policing works or not depends on how the police officers and units are performing the task. It is true that the rhetoric steps is far different from reality, but as mention earlier â€Å"POP is one of the most important and widely implemented police innovations of the last two decades. The small group of studies in our review allows us to come to a solid conclusion regarding the promise of POP, but it does not allow statistical conclusions regarding the types of approaches that work best for specific types of problems† (Weisburd, David et al. 164). That is because there is no way to implement a simple test to describe problem oriented policing benefits or shortcomings. The effectiveness of problem oriented policing cannot be taken into an evaluation, due to the fact that is so complex. It is hard to examine a program that has such broad objectives. Improvements are still to be made, a more realistic approach to problem-oriented policing can be implemented, perhaps a simpler form of the SARA steps. But until then, problem-oriented policing has a good structure for that proactive utopian way of policing every community wants.

Setting Essays - Gossip, Human Communication, Social Status

Setting Our highly qualified writers are proficient in a multitude of subjects, academic disciplines, formats and writing styles. We successfully deliver custom written essays, term papers, professional reports, case studies, dissertations, theses, speeches, courseworks and research papers on time and Plagiarism-free. Life is busy. Successful people learn early how to delegate tasks leaving time for things most important to them. Lighten your heavy load and order a custom written, accurately cited paper on any topic according to your specifications and it will be delivered to you by the deadline that you determine. Setting is overly important to the theme ofA Lesson Before Dying. The story is set in a small town in Louisiana, and this setting lays the foundation for the relationships and mentality in the community. Rumors, gossip, and general information tend to spread quickly by word-of-mouth in a small town, and this happens on several occasions in the novel. After Jefferson is caught in the store, he is immediately blamed for murder although he is innocent of the crime. Accusations fly around town, and hatred for Jefferson builds as the rumors spread. Grant does not go to see Jefferson's trial, but he knows all about it because everyone in town is talking about the details of the situation. Finally, the town is a breeding ground for racist ideology, and racism complicates the ideas of justice and faith that the characters explore in the novel.

Gap for Sony Essay Example

Gap for Sony Essay Example Gap for Sony Essay Gap for Sony Essay Gap and Current Strategy Analysis * Macro Environment: The major trend in the macro-environment which affects Sony’s future strategy is socio/cultural/demographic. Since the Nintendo Wii emerged, it attracted many of non-traditional gamers came into the videogame console market, especially females and elderly people. Traditionally, non-traditional gamers think PlayStation is not ease of use for them. For instance, the joystick is difficult controlled or the instruction of the games are not easily understood for them how to play. Due to the non-traditional gamers want simpler products, high level of technical and graphical complexity are not concerned by them, so Nintendo Wii seems more suitable for them as it is ease of use, simple but fun games. Moreover, as the obesity epidemic is an important social factor within countries such as America and Australia, unlike PlayStation, the Wii Fit as a platform for the people to do exercise with its innovative motion-sensitive controller. Therefore, the current business strategy of Sony is not matching the non-traditional gamer’s needs. However, as we mention before in macro environment analysis, society is becoming more intelligent and technology savvy, the gamers are increasing their demand for more challenging and stimulating game story lines and features, so the high technology feature of PlayStation matches this factor, the gamers can be played over the internet. Therefore, Sony PlayStation still maintains competitiveness by keeping up with technological advancements. * Industry Environment: The major trend of industry environment comes from the power of competitor. : As we know, Microsoft Xbox 360 and Nintendo Wii are the main competitors of Sony PlayStation. There is a threat of Sony PlayStation while Nintendo Wii emerged. As Nintendo knew that it had competitive disadvantage of competing with Sony and Microsoft in the traditional gamer market, so when Sony and Microsoft was competing each other in the traditional gamer market with technological advanced console, Nintendo used a business strategy called ‘blue ocean strategy’, which is where they went after uncontested markets (non-traditional gamers) and created a new market based on â€Å"value† and innovation†. Unlike PS3 and Xbox360, Wii is focusing on non-traditional gamers whose want simpler products. Although Wii is technologically far less advanced than them, but it’s ease of use, innovative motion-sensitive controller and simple but fun games had made the console a hit with all demographics which 9-year-olds to 65-years-olds, males and females. As a resul t, Wii had created an opportunity of new generation of videogame console market; and it had stolen a march on its two larger rivals by appealing to people who were traditionally not play videogame. Obviously, it seems Sony need to change its business strategy in the future in order to improve its market position, even though Sony remains target at the traditional core gamers whose are 18 to 34 years old males. However, Sony does not seem to think they need to create these products as they continue to create more high quality graphic and technologically advanced consoles, for instance, PS3 with BlueRay player. Although the sales of Wii is overlapped than PlayStation, the leaders of Sony do not think they need to keep up with Nintendo and have a degree of arrogance within the company that they believe they are leaders of the industry. However, this may change in the future if they do not decide to close the gaps. Because the market of PlayStation is limited, the people who did buy PlayStation were the core early adopters (traditional gamers), but once they got it, they would not buy another one PlayStation. Therefore, Sony will require to creating simpler and ease of use devices for PlayStation to eliminate learning curves for people interested in playing on consoles and bridge the gap between core and casual gamers in the future, otherwise its market share of console market will become shrunk by Wii or need to exit the market as well as Sega. * Internal environment: Appendix : Gap Analysis of Sony Macro Environment Business Strategy Gaps Trend| Date of Impact| Business strategy match or mismatch? Non-traditional gamers increasing | Next 5-10 years| Mismatch- the console is too complexity for non-traditional gamers| People create more disposable money| Next 1-3 years| Match- people can spend on entertainment| Society is becoming more intelligent and technology savvy| Next 5-10 years| Match- keeping up with technological advancements | | | | Industry Environment Business Strategy Gaps Industry environment element| Opportunity or threat| Effect on industry profitability| Business strategy consistency or inconsistency| Suppliers| -| High| Consistency | Buyers| Opportunity | Average | Consistency | Substitutes| Threat | Varying | Consistency | Threats of new entrants| Threat | High | Consistency| Industry rivalry| Opportunity | Average | Consistency | Competitor Environment Business Strategy Gaps Competitor| Financial performance| Market position| Technological performance| Service performance| Microsoft Xbox360| Excellent| Good| Excellent| Excellent| Nintendo Wii| Excellent| Excellent| Good| Excellent| Reference: W. Chan and Mauborgne, R (2004), Blue ocean strategy, Harvard business review, vol. 82, no. 10, pp. 76-84

Gender-Inclusive Language for English Learners

Gender-Inclusive Language for English Learners Gender refers to either being a man or a woman. Gender-inclusive language can be defined as language  that doesn’t prefer one gender over another. Here are a few examples of gender-biased language  common in the English language used in the past. A doctor can treat you for a wide variety of diseases. It’s important that he understands your health history. Successful businessmen understand how to negotiate good deals. In the first sentence, the writer speaks in general about doctors, but assumes that a doctor is a man. In the second example, the term businessmen ignores the fact that many successful business people arewomen. Terminology Gender the sex of a person - male or female  Gender-inclusive including all gendersGender-biased showing a preference for or against a genderGender-neutral showing no preference for or against a gender As an English student, it’s possible that you’ve learned some English that has gender-biased language. Gender-biased can be understood as language which uses stereotypes to describe men and women.   This article will help you recognize gender-biased English language statements and provide suggestions on how you can use more gender-inclusive language. English is already difficult enough, so you might not think this is  important. However, there is a strong push towards the use of more gender-neutral language in day to  day usage, especially at work. Over the past few decades, writers and instructors have become more aware of common terminology and writing styles that tend to favor men and assumptions about behavior that no longer reflect the modern world. To change this, English speakers have adopted new terminology that reflects a more gender-neutral style. Common Changes in Professions The easiest change you can make is with professions that end in ‘-man’ such as ‘businessman’ or‘postman’. Often we substitute ‘person’ for ‘-man’, in other cases the name of the profession maychange. Another word that changes is ‘master’ which indicates a man. Here are some of the most common changes. Common Changes to Gender-Inclusive English actress - actorstewardess - flight attendantanchorman/anchorwoman - anchorbusinessman/businesswoman - businesspersonchairman/chairwoman - chair person / chaircongressman - member of congress / congress personcraftsman - artisandeliveryman – courierdoorman -  door attendentstatesman - statespersonfireman -  firefighterfreshman - first year studenthandyman - maintenance personheadmaster - principalheroine -  herohousewife - homemakerFrenchman -  French personmaid - house cleanermailman - mail carriermankind - humanitymaster - expertmasterpiece – great work of artMiss / Mrs. - Ms.mother tongue - native language/first languagespokesman/spokeswoman - spokespersonwaitress/waiter - wait personpoliceman - police officer/officer Shaun Fawcett has a great page if youre interested in an extensive list of gender-neutral equivalent words. Mr. and Ms. In English, Mr. is used for all men. However, in the past, women were either ‘Mrs.’ or ‘Miss’ dependingon whether they were married. Now, ‘Ms.’ is used for all women. ‘Ms.’ reflects that it is not important toknow whether a woman is married or not.   Gender-Neutral Pronouns Pronouns can be very tricky. In the past, when speaking in general, the pronoun ‘he’ was often used. A person who lives in the country has many advantages. He can enjoy daily walks and enjoy fresh air. He can live a healthy life and meet with his friends. However, this shows a bias towards men in general. Of course, there are healthy women who live in the country! Here are a few suggestions on how to stay away from this common mistake. They She/He Using they/them to indicate a single, gender neutral person  is now commonly accepted.   You can be sure someone understands by how they react to your statement.Does anybody know the answer to the question? They can email the director with the answer. He/She Before they/them entered the common vernacular, writers often used he/she – him/her (or she/he – her/him) to show both are possible when speaking in general. When someone gets ready to find a new job, he/she needs to be aware that there are many challenges in this difficult market. It’s up to her/him to research any job opening carefully. Alternating Pronouns Another approach is to change pronoun forms throughout your writing. This can be confusing to the reader. Someone who goes shopping will have too many choices. He might have more than twenty clothing stores to choose from. Or, she might just go to a department store. In any case, he might spend more time trying to find just the right item.   Plural Forms   Another way to be gender-neutral in your writing is to speak in general and use plural forms when possible rather than the singular. Consider this example: A student has to be on time and take careful notes. He/She also needs to do homework every night.Students have to be on time and take careful notes. They also need to do homework every night.   In the second example, the plural pronoun they replaces students as the rules are meant for everybody.

Leadership and legacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership and legacy - Research Paper Example mmarized in three slogans – â€Å"a â€Å"Harmonious Society† domestically and a â€Å"Peaceful Development† internationally, the former generated by a â€Å"Scientific Development Perspective,† which seeks integrated sets of solutions to arrays of economic, environmental and social problems, and recognizes, in inner circles, a need for political reform (though studied, cautious and controlled)† (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.) He is known to be a transformational visionary since he initiated critical changes in the way the Chinese government is run. The openness to foreign relationships in terms of trade is one of the proofs. Since his leadership, China has also been influential in terms of international trade. As a transformational and visionary leader, he was so determined to achieve what he desired and this led to the laying off of some very senior government officials most of whom protested against his leadership style (Chu 2004). His leadership style was unique in that he first considered the areas that were earlier neglected like the poor areas in the country. In this, his aim was to reduce the inequality that existed between the GDP and the Welfare Second policies. It was also a way of equalizing the society through new policies that he would use to bring the expected change. He was determined to have a clear picture of those areas first and then work out a way of developing them. This is the reason why his style was transformational and visionary. He had a vision for his country and was determined to achieve what he desired and what he felt was the best for his people (Kahn 2005). He put the interest of others before his own and that’s why he spent most of his time assisting the poor and learning more about the poor parts of the country. He focused more on the poor parts of the country and not on the areas that had prospered economically (Lam 2006). Hu was known to be a very supportive leader. He shows supports to every Chinese citizen through his moral

Risk Groups for Urinary Tract Infections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Risk Groups for Urinary Tract Infections - Essay Example Clinical physicians in medical microbiology categorize urinary tract infections into upper and lower tract infections on an anatomical basis. An infection of the bladder refers to cystitis and where the infection spreads to other areas, such as the ureters and the kidneys, the infection is pyelonephritis. Cystitis is, therefore, regarded as the lower urinary tract infection while pyelonephritis is the upper urinary tract infection. The latter is more severe and complicated than the former. In spite of the availability of several antibacterial factors such as urea concentration, pH, the salt content of the urine, osmolality, and other urinary tract inhibitors of bacterial adherence, several bacteria are still able to invade the urinary tract system. The bacteria predispose the patients to a variety of urinary tract infections. The common types of bacteria that correlate with a diverse range of urinary tract infections are the Gram-negative bacteria of E. coli and Klebsiella species. T he uropathogenic bacteria overcome the several urinary inhibitors to bacterial invasion such as the Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), lactoferrins, low-molecular-weight oligosaccharides, bladder mucopolysaccharides, and secretory IgA. The bacteria, however, still adhere, grow, multiply, and resist against the host’s defence mechanisms even with the presence of bacteria inhibition factors and conditions. The result is massive colonization and subsequent urinary tract system infection (Stamm 2006, p. 2-4). The paper aims at reviewing the numerous bacteria that are responsible for the various urinary tract infections. It also highlights the laboratory diagnostic routine procedures used in the diagnosis of the bacteria in the most prone population groups, as well as, the infections exhibited by the general population. Many researchers and scholars in microbial urinary tract infections agree that the Gram-negative bacteria of E. coli and the bacteria associated with the Klebsiella species are the common organisms that cause urinary tract infections in both males and females.  

Decision Making Models Essay Example for Free

Decision Making Models Essay Managers have the responsibility of making decisions within that guide and provide direction to their organizations. Although decisions may be made by individuals, groups, or teams, it is the manager who coordinates the process of decision making. Managers make use of various decision making models to effectively steer the organizations. It is worth to noting that there is no one model or style that is always right or perfect in decision making. This is so because different people are successful and satisfied using different styles. There are two major broad models of decision making. These are the deterministic and probalistic models. The deterministic models result in good decisions with good outcomes. The manager using this model is able to get what he/she expects i. e. the out come is risk free. In probabilistic decision models, the expected results are uncertain and thus making good decision may not necessarily lead to good outcomes. The probabilistic decision making model is characterized by more concern with both the outcome value and the amount of risk each decision carries. All other effective decision making models can be classified as either deterministic or probabilistic model. The other subcategories of decision making models are mechanical, mental/verbal, analytical, and simulation. These models are classified based on such characteristics such as types, evolution in time, and availability of information (McCall M. , and Kaplan, R. (2001). ). Mechanical models take physical appearance of the object. They are used to display or test the design of items ranging from new buildings to new products. Mental/verbal models are also important and can be used to verbalize decision strategies for more complicated decision making models. The other model is analytical model which is a mathematical model and aimed at simplification, abstraction of real systems to give insight and understanding to some interested aspect of reality (Klein G. , et al. , (Ed. ) (1993). The analytical models are applicable to the deterministic systems. A simulation model is the last model that I am going to address. Simulation models are the computerized duplications of real systems and are seen to be more realistic, especially when modeling dynamic/probabilistic systems e. g. as used in aviation industry. Current Application Decision making models have assisted managers a lot in making viable decisions within the organization. The models discussed above have been implemented by individuals within organizations to come up with good decisions. For instance, the mental/verbal model has been used to aid in problem identification, in the development phase as well as the selection phase of decision making. Decision support system (DSS) has found usage in air-line management. Decision support systems and the models have been used to make decision both under risk, certainty, and even conflict in organizations. Other applications of the decision making models include the DSS for fiber optic Network Architecture Design and application of technology to cardiovascular diagnosis. Decision making models have also been used in forecasting with examples such as regression models and Box-Jenkins models. In brief, the use of effective decision making models by mangers has helped organizations to improve their businesses as a result of quality decision. The various effective decision making models used by mangers have both benefits and drawbacks or challenges associated with them. Mechanical decision making models have the advantage of being usable for experimentation. Mechanical models are credited for clearly describing the problem of system under study and thus results in innovative designs alternatives for decision making. Mechanical models also have some challenges in that they do not contain explicit relationships between the decision alternatives and dependant variables or objectives Mental/verbal models make the manager unable to experiment with them and cannot be used to show how outcomes or measures of effectiveness change with decision alternatives. It is also not possible to show how the relationships change with the decision alternatives. These models have the advantage of being easy to understand. They are also based on many years of managerial experience (Klein G. , et al. , (Ed. ) (1993). The advantages of analytical models include that they aim at simplification and bring understanding to some interested aspect of reality. They can also help to test the effects of different decision alternatives, constants and parameter values more easily than with any other type of model. They can also analyze complex problems efficiently and concisely, and in many cases provide the cheapest way to analyze these problems. Although they are the most prevalent models in use today they may not be easily accepted by managers who lack training, experience and time to use them. Simulation models have a high degree of abstraction and as such many managers do not want to work with them. The reason of this could be lack of enough training in and exposure to those models. The other reason is that trained managers may lack sufficient time to pay attention to model. Despite these drawbacks the models are beneficial in the sense that in comparison to the mechanical model they can facilitate experimentation because both the independent variables, dependent variables, constants and parameters are explicitly related by language of mathematics.

The Optimists Daughter: A Look at Death and Dying Essays -- Optimist

The Optimist's Daughter: A Look at Death and Dying  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Fay struck out with her hands, hitting at Major Bullock and Mr. Pitts and Sis, fighting with her mother, too, for a moment. She showed her claws at Laurel, and broke from the preachers last-minute arms and threw herself forward across the coffin on to the pillow, driving her lips without aim against the face under hers. She was dragged back into the library, screaming, by Miss Tennyson Bullock, out of sight behind the blanket of greenery. Judge McKelva's smoking chair lay behind them, overturned" (86). This is a short excerpt from The Optimist's Daughter (1972) by the Pulitzer Prize winner for fiction, Eudora Welty. The story is centered around Laurel McKelva Hand, a young woman who left her home in the South to live in Chicago. While in Chicago she meets Philip Hand, and they are married. Philip, however, goes to war and never returns. Laurel is now venturing to New Orleans to be with her dying father. After his death Laurel and her obnoxious stepmother, Fay, travel back to Laurel's home town of Mount Salus, Mississippi. Once in Mount Salus, Laurel is greeted with many friends and acquaintances. The whole town has already prepared for Laurel and the remains of her father. The day of the funeral the whole town stops to pay their respects; the school ,the bank, the post office, and the court house all close. The funeral is perfect, but Laurel struggles with letting her father go. Laurel's "bridesmaids" also struggle; the "bridesmaids" are Laurel's closest friends and range from young to elderly women. After the funeral is over Fay returns with her family to Texas for a few days while Laurel finishes saying goodbye to her old house. Fay is very bitter t... ...eels about her. Fay, on the other hand, would be lost without her Texan accent. The Optimist's Daughter opens the mind of the reader to let him see the many reactions of friends and relatives to death and dying. As Fay strikes out during the funeral it is easy to recognize that culture also plays into people's reactions. When Fay kisses her husband goodbye, while he was in the coffin, it is because that is what her mother would have done. It can be very hard to deal with the death of a loved one, but sometimes it is even harder to deal with how others are reacting. The novel explains that, "Memory lived not in initial possession but in the freed hands, pardoned and freed, and in the heart that can empty but fill again, in the patterns of restored dreams"(179). Works Cited: Welty, Eudora. The Optimist's Daughter. The Vintage Book 1990 Edition. New York.

Death Of A Salesman – Play Review

The play Death of a salesman is written by Arthur Miller. It is a massively touching play all about a man constantly chasing the American dream. The Sympathy the audience begins to feel for Willy Loman is shown by the way we feel about him at the end of this play. This is truly an amazing play written the talented Arthur Miller. We start the play seeing Willy Loman, his two sons and wife at their home as Willy arrives home from a hard days selling, at least this is what he leads Linda, his wife, into thinking. We join the play at the beginning of his failure. We see his get progressively disheartened and borrows money from his neighbour, Charley, and has convinced himself he will eventually be in the position to repay him, although as the audience we can see that this is highly unlikely. Our sympathy for Willy fades gradually as we realise he doesn't seem to help himself. We get increasingly annoyed with Willy chasing the American dream; we see he does not accept help as when Charley offers him a job, after Willy is fired from his company. Willy gets extremely offended by this and gets angry wit Charley for insulting his ability to regain his job. Both Charley and Willy now that Charley will never see his money again, and the fact that Charley offers Willy a chance to get his life back on track and Willy refuses makes us feel that Willy is almost lazy and seems unfazed by his situation. The fact that Willy had an affair makes us feel sorry for Linda and as an audience we feel like Willy deserves all he gets, but we see the way it affects the whole family and when biff and happy both try to get jobs and fail we see that the effort Willy put in with both of them when they were younger has made almost no difference to them. They may have been better of if Willy, like Charley, had just left them to it. Bernard who is Charley's son is extremely successful but never boasts, the main difference between the two sets of sons its that both Biff and Happy find it necessary to boast non stop, it seems, and Bernard is more laid back and tends not to make a big deal of the fact he can play tennis at a friends house. Willy treats Linda badly, always starting fights and just generally making little digs. The only time we see a mixture of love, anger and guiltiness on Willy's part is when Linda is mending her stockings and he remembers that he gave a pair to ‘the women' and he seems to get a pang of guilt and therefore tells Linda to take off the stockings. The main problem in Willy's life is money, but it seems he would rather scrounge of people like Charley than get a real job, like the one Charley offers him. He plays an act when it comes to money as he lies to his family, especially Linda. He wants everyone to think he is rich and successful but really he is unsuccessful and becoming increasingly poor. Overall this play in touching and also infuriating, we find ourselves getting angry and points in the play, when we see Willy lying to friends and family it seems that the only person he is true to is Charley and that's only to try and get money and sympathy from him. We feel extremely sorry for Willy and his family, especially Linda when noone turns up to Willy's funeral. This seems like the almost perfect end to realistic play. When we see the full picture of Willy's affair we become almost at one with Linda and tend to feel the same emotions as her, but mostly anger.

Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah vs Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah Essay

As time goes by, Malaysia’s education system undergoes big changes. In 1983, Kurikulum Baru Sekolah Rendah (KBSR) was introduced and made some changes to the education system. 10 years later, its name was changed to Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah (KBSR). Now, a new curriculum was introduced a year ago, 2011 to replace KBSR: Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah (KSSR). KSSR was introduced to reorganize and upgrade the current curriculum. Changes can be clearly seen in the aspect of key areas, curriculum documentation, curriculum design, curriculum organization, curriculum content, elements and focus. In the aspect of key areas, KBSR focused on three key areas: communication, man and his environment and self-development whereas KSSR focused on six key areas: communication, spiritual, attitude and values, humanitarian, physical and aesthetical development, science and technology and lastly, physical and personal development. KBSR focused only on individuals whereas KSSR focused not only on individuals but also their surroundings. KSSR’s aim was to produce holistic individuals. KSSR focused on values for character building through the curriculum and co-curriculum. In curriculum documentation, KBSR follows the syllabus for teaching materials whereas KSSR formulated based on Standard Document which consists of Content Standards which covers on students’ skills, knowledge and thinking and Learning Standards which are a set of achievements which can be measured for each content standard. The curriculum design for KBSR is linear which only involves listening, speaking, reading and writing whereas for KSSR is modular which involves not only listening, speaking, reading and writing but also covers language arts and grammar. In KBSR, level 1 has Core, Compulsory and additional subjects whereas in KSSR, level 1 has Basic Core Modules, Thematic Core Modules and Elective Modules. In level 2, KBSR implemented Core, Compulsory and additional subjects similar to level 1 whereas KSSR only implemented Core and Elective subjects. As it can clearly be seen, in level 1, a new subject is introduced: Thematic Core Modules. This new subject was introduced to reduce the number of subjects taken in level 1. This module consist themes of the World of Art and World of Science and Technology. In the World of Arts, two subjects are introduced: Visual Arts and Music. In the World of Science and Technology, basic ICT skills are taught. The curriculum content in KBSR only focuses on listening, reading, writing, speaking, sound system and grammar in context. KSSR focuses on the same content but replaced sound system with phonics. Phonics is a more detailed version of sound system which teaches students the sounds of English specifically. Three new contents are also added: basic literacy which teaches students the ability to read and write adequately, penmanship which teaches students the right way to hold and use a pen or a pencil and lastly, language arts which exposes students to poems and songs enabling students to appreciate and enjoy them thus, building creative minds in students. Lastly, the focus of KBSR is the 3M (membaca, menulis dan mengira) which is reading, writing and counting whereas KSSR’s focus is the 4M (membaca, menulis, mengira dan menaakul). KSSR added a new focus which is thinking. This newly added focus helps students to understand more about what was taught and at the same time improve their thinking skills. To sum up, KSSR is a curriculum which is student centered. This new curriculum diminishes Ujian Penilaian Sekolah Rendah (UPSR) which means it is less-exam oriented and more to project and activity based. This new curriculum also focuses on ICT and independent learning. KSSR also aims to strengthen the command of Bahasa Malaysia and English among students. Mathematics and Science subjects are all in Bahasa Malaysia and English periods have been increased.

Free Essays on Age Of Anxiety And European Culture

At its start, the Great War of 1914-1918 was a popular war. The war was even blessed by those thinkers and artists who were non-violent by nature. The war, many people sincerely believed, would be quick and glorious. The war soon gave way to bitter disillusionment. This bitterness is illustrated in the film Paths of Glory (1957) as well as in Erich Marie Remarque's novel, All Quiet on the Western Front (1929). The stupidity of the war became apparent to all those men who fought for their nation. On the home front, of course, the story was a bit different. But when soldiers, lucky enough to still be alive returned home, it was to a land which knew nothing of the Somme or Verdun. "A land fit for heroes"? Perhaps. Never such innocence, Never before or since, As changed itself to past Without a wordthe men Leaving the gardens tidy, The thousands of marriages Lasting a little while longer: Never such innocence again. (Philip Larkin, MCMXIV) It was William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) who remarked, in 1879, that "war is at best barbarism†¦. Its glory is all moonshine. It is only those who have neither fired a shot nor heard the shrieks and groans of the wounded who cry aloud for blood, more vengeance, more desolation. War is hell." But it was the British poet Siegfried Sassoon (1886-1967) who added, "war is hell and those who initiate it are criminals." This was the final verdict of the Great War, especially among the Anglo-French. "The Old Lie: Dulce et decorum est, pro patria mori." The initial "vision of honor and glory to country" faded quickly and was replaced by sorrow, pity and cruelty. For the BRITISH WAR POETS, the whole affair ended in bitterness. People felt betrayed by those men who were "running the war." The horrors of the trench rotting horseflesh, mud, poor food, weapons that would not fire, poison gas and the sheer terror of waiting for death these were the images and experience of the Great War. It was t... Free Essays on Age Of Anxiety And European Culture Free Essays on Age Of Anxiety And European Culture At its start, the Great War of 1914-1918 was a popular war. The war was even blessed by those thinkers and artists who were non-violent by nature. The war, many people sincerely believed, would be quick and glorious. The war soon gave way to bitter disillusionment. This bitterness is illustrated in the film Paths of Glory (1957) as well as in Erich Marie Remarque's novel, All Quiet on the Western Front (1929). The stupidity of the war became apparent to all those men who fought for their nation. On the home front, of course, the story was a bit different. But when soldiers, lucky enough to still be alive returned home, it was to a land which knew nothing of the Somme or Verdun. "A land fit for heroes"? Perhaps. Never such innocence, Never before or since, As changed itself to past Without a wordthe men Leaving the gardens tidy, The thousands of marriages Lasting a little while longer: Never such innocence again. (Philip Larkin, MCMXIV) It was William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) who remarked, in 1879, that "war is at best barbarism†¦. Its glory is all moonshine. It is only those who have neither fired a shot nor heard the shrieks and groans of the wounded who cry aloud for blood, more vengeance, more desolation. War is hell." But it was the British poet Siegfried Sassoon (1886-1967) who added, "war is hell and those who initiate it are criminals." This was the final verdict of the Great War, especially among the Anglo-French. "The Old Lie: Dulce et decorum est, pro patria mori." The initial "vision of honor and glory to country" faded quickly and was replaced by sorrow, pity and cruelty. For the BRITISH WAR POETS, the whole affair ended in bitterness. People felt betrayed by those men who were "running the war." The horrors of the trench rotting horseflesh, mud, poor food, weapons that would not fire, poison gas and the sheer terror of waiting for death these were the images and experience of the Great War. It was t...

12 Examples of Chemical Energy

12 Examples of Chemical Energy Chemical energy is the energy stored within chemicals, which makes it energy inside atoms and molecules. Most often, its considered the energy of chemical bonds, but the term also includes energy stored in the electron arrangement of atoms and ions. Its a form of potential energy that you wont observe until a reaction occurs. Chemical energy can be changed into other forms of energy through chemical reactions or chemical changes. Energy, often in the form of heat, is absorbed or released when chemical energy is converted to another form. Chemical Energy Examples Chemical energy is a form of potential energy found within chemical bonds, atoms, and subatomic particles.Chemical energy can be observed and measured only when a chemical reaction occurs.Any matter considered to be a fuel contains chemical energy.The energy can be released or absorbed. For example, combustion releases more energy than is needed to initiate the reaction. Photosynthesis absorbs more energy than it releases. Examples of Chemical Energy Basically, any compound contains chemical energy that can be released when its chemical bonds are broken. Any substance that can be used as a fuel contains chemical energy. Examples of matter containing chemical energy include: Coal: Combustion reaction converts chemical energy into light and heat.Wood: Combustion reaction converts chemical energy into light and heat.Petroleum: Can be burned to release light and heat or changed into another form of chemical energy, such as gasoline.Chemical batteries: Store chemical energy to be changed into electricity.Biomass: Combustion reaction converts chemical energy into light and heat.Natural gas: Combustion reaction converts chemical energy into light and heat.Food: Digested to convert chemical energy into other forms of energy used by cells.Cold packs: Chemical energy is absorbed in a reaction.Propane: Burned to produce heat and light.Hot packs: Chemical reaction produces heat or thermal energy.Photosynthesis changes solar energy into chemical energy.Cellular respiration is a set of reactions that changes chemical energy in glucose into chemical energy in ATP, a form our bodies can use. Source Schmidt-Rohr, Klaus. Why Combustions Are Always Exothermic, Yielding About 418 kJ per Mole of O2. Journal of Chemical Education.

An analysis of literature relating to illegitimate work and it's Essay

An analysis of literature relating to illegitimate work and it's contribution to the labour market - Essay Example In many societies the same people who financial support prostitution when encounter with other about the topic claim they are against it due to social taboos that force people to take a position which they truly do not support. This paper analyzes and examines the subterranean economy which includes the sexual marketplace. The underground economy involves the occurrence of economic activity that is not detected by the government and is not included as part of the official figures since they are not suppose to exist tax is not imposed upon them (Varian, 2003). This underground economy affects the flow of the economy since the flow derived from these activities ends up being laundered in the economy by using the illegal income to purchase goods and services in the economy. In the United States the size of the underground economy is approximately 13% to 14% the size of the legal economy (Gutmann, 1983). Among the many activities make up the composition of the subterranean economy are prostitution, drug trade, labor of illegal immigrants, trafficking of illegal precious metals, gambling activities of bookies, or any other form of labor such as a babysitting jig that does is not accounted for by the government as a form of income. It is estimated that the subterranean economy creates between 15 to 20 milli on jobs in the United States (Baird, 2007). This a positive consequence of this type of activity, but in general the jobs generated by this economy the workers such as prostitutes and drug sellers working on the spot are workers whose human rights are constantly abused by the gangster who controlled this marketplace. Prostitution is one of the segments of the underground economy. Worldwide the sex game is valued at over $12 billion a year a figure that does don’t account the revenues generated in the pornography industry which is a multibillion dollar industry that is legal activity which the considers in its official numbers, but there is a lot of

The Relevant International Accounting Standard (IASB) Assignment

The Relevant International Accounting Standard (IASB) - Assignment Example Contingent assets and contingent liabilities are not recognized but disclosed in the financial statement of the company. The main focus and objective of the standard is that the entity recognizes provision in its balance sheet with is the best estimate of the expenditure to settle an obligation at the end of its financial year. This estimate is the amount of cash outflow that the entity is likely to pay in the future. IAS 37 requires the corporation to take into consideration the following essentials when recording provisions in its financial statements, Take all the future and probable risks and uncertainties into account Calculate the present value of the provision by selecting a suitable discount rate. This will represents the current market value of the assessment of the future outflow of economic benefits Take future changes, such as law and changes in technological changes into consideration Expected disposals form the assets are not taken into consideration no matter how close ly the disposal of asset is linked to determining the provision Similarly, there are circumstances in which provision is closely linked to the recognition of revenue; an example would be when an entity gives guarantees in exchange for a fee. The recognition, measurement and accounting specification are mentioned in IAS 18 ‘Revenue’ Discussing the scope of IAS 37 [1], the standard is applied by all entities on accounting for provisioning except those resulting from executor contracts and those covered under other standards such as provisions pertaining to construction contracts (IAS 11), income taxes (IAS 12), employee benefit (IAS 19) and insurance contracts (IFRS 4). IAS 37 is also not applicable to financial instruments. Recognition, Measurement, presentation and disclosure details   The International Accounting Standard (IAS) 37 ‘Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets’ describes the accounting treatment in respect of financial provisi ons, contingent assets and contingent liabilities. In this context IAS 37 (2009, p 1888) describes that the entity only recognizes a provision, if the following conditions prevails which are: A present obligation has arise due to certain past event The outflow of economic resources, in order to settle that obligation, is probable; and The settlement amount can be reliably measured [2] Further elaborating on the above mentioned points, an obligating event is the one according to which the company has a legal or constructive obligation to settle that obligation and the company does not have any other alternative to that. As further explained in the relevant provisions of IAS 37, a constructive obligation usually arises on account of past practices. In certain circumstances, it might not be certain whether the entity has a present obligation, and even if it does have a present obligation, the outflow of economic resources out of the entity is not certain. The discussed circumstances gi ve rise to a contingent liability, which is required to be disclosed in the financial statement of the company and does not need to recognize. If the possibility of economic out flow is highly remote, then the company is not required to even disclose it in its financial statements. The amount recognized as provision should be the best estimate of the expenditure that is required to settle the present obligation

Media represent females at a particular sporting event-wimbledon event Literature review

Media represent females at a particular sporting event-wimbledon event upcoming one for this year - Literature review Example Research Hypothesis The above mentioned research questions, in a broader sense will be explored and analyzed to test and validate the below mentioned research hypothesis: The media representation of females in the sporting events is biased and prejudiced. Justification for Using the Qualitative Approach to Test the Research Hypothesis The given research will exploit the qualitative methods and approaches to test the proposed research hypothesis. A qualitative approach is highly suitable for testing the proposed hypothesis owing to a variety of reasons. Not to say, that a qualitative approach towards research has its specific advantages and flaws. Qualitative research has primarily to do with the qualitative phenomena that are the phenomena that have to do with quality or kind (Newman & Benz 1998). For example, in the research under consideration, the qualitative research undertaken will have to do with the quality or kind of the media representation of women in sporting events. Quali tative research is a valid form of scientific research. Qualitative research tends to sort out answers to questions. It adheres to s systematic and predefined procedure used for testing a research hypothesis. ... the undertaken research is not only to test the proposed hypothesis but also to cull out insights that are of relevance to the future research in related disciplines. In the context of the research topic under consideration, a qualitative approach will be highly suitable in exploring the values, behaviour and attitude of media towards the representation of women in sporting events. This qualitative research will provide the research scholar with the complex textual information regarding how people experience the representation of women in sporting events and what do they think about it. Besides, it will solicit information regarding the human side of the issue under consideration (Phillimore & Goodson 2004). It will help the research scholar better understand and interpret the complicated reality pertaining to the media representation of women in sporting events and its implications for further research in varied disciplines. The nature of the research hypothesis to be tested is such that it defies all attempts to quantify or accurately measure the type and nature of media representation of women in sporting events, and hence a quantitative approach will not be suitable and appropriate (Lankshear & Knobel 2004). A qualitative approach towards the proposed research offers varied advantages over a quantitative approach. The first and foremost advantage of qualitative research is that it accords a great degree of flexibility to the research scholar (Bowling 2002). The quantitative methods are usually inflexible and are mostly not appropriate for testing the type and kind of research hypothesis under consideration. When it comes to quantitative research, the common methods it uses to collect data such as questionnaires and surveys do tend to pose the same questions to all

Ptlls 008 Roles, Responsibilities Essay Example for Free

Ptlls 008 Roles, Responsibilities Essay Important to define the terms prior to listing the entities which may impact on my work: Legislative requirement: A duty to act according to the law as defined in an Act of Parliament and usually enforceable through the courts. Code of Practice: A set of rules outlining how a person in a particular profession or situation is expected to behave. Statutory Code of Practice: A Code of Practice approved by Parliament and admissible as evidence in any legal action. The Children Act (2004) – Every Child Matters underpinned the Change For Children agenda. The Act came into being following the death of Victoria Climbie. The Act is applicable to children and vulnerable adults up to the age of 25. Focused on five specific outcomes for children: Be healthy Stay Safe Enjoy and Achieve Make a positive contribution Achieve economic well-being Protection of Children Act (1991) – gave local authorities to investigates cases of child abuse. Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006) – introduced a vetting and barring service for those working with children and vulnerable adults. Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) checks (previously CRB checks). Code of Professional Practice (2008) – introduced by the Lifelong Learning Sector. The code is based on 7 behaviours expected of teachers. Copyright Designs and Patents Act (1988) – relates to copying and adapting materials. The Data Protection (1998) – relates to information held on people by others. Education and Skills Act (2008) – aimed at increasing participation in learning. The Equality Act (2010) brought all the areas of discrimination: race, sex, disability, race into one Act. The 2010 Act identifies 9 areas of discrimination. Freedom Of Information Act (2000) – individuals can ask to see the information held on them Health and Safety At Work (1974) – imposes obligations on all to operate within a safe and healthy environment Human Rights Act (1998) – basic rights for all The Further Education Teacher’s Qualifications (England) Regulations (2007) – professional status for teachers in FE and a qualification route GRAVELLS, A. (2012) Preparing To Teach In The Lifelong Learning Sector 1. 2 Analyse own responsibilities for promoting equality and valuing diversity The definition of equality is to treat everybody equally, especially in terms of status, rights and opportunities. The 2010 Equality Act brought together a number of different pieces of legislation which means it is unlawful to discriminate against people on the grounds of pay, sex, race and disability. Diversity means being aware that every person is unique, not only because of their visible differences such as race, age or disability, but also non visible differences, religion, social background, economic status or political beliefs. Inclusion is about being objective and looking beyond first impressions. It’s about diversity and breaking down barriers, changing lives and promoting equality. Within my role it’s important for me to base my practice around the concepts of equality, diversity and inclusion and keep an open mind. Without an open mind I may not support all people equally to recognise their potential and achieve their aspirations. Discrimination could then be argued to have occurred as students would not have been treated equally. Particular to my role as a potential facilitator would be the areas of Differentiation Preconceived stereotypes Encouraging a wide variety of views Use of culturally diverse images and resources Learning support where appropriate 1. 3 Evaluate own role and responsibilities in lifelong learning Reflective Journal Annex A It is important to consider this question in relation to internal and external influences. My role as a facilitator is connected to the Learning Cycle. The cycle consists of five reoccurring elements. It is appropriate for me to answer this question offering examples for each element. Identify needs. Role arranging assessments to identify student need particularly in the key skill areas: numeracy, literacy and ICT Responsibility – offering information, advice and guidance on the contents of the course Plan learning Role – planning schemes of work and when it will be taught Responsibility – designing a scheme of work, lesson plans and resources Deliver/Facilitate learning Role – establish ground rules Responsibility – deal with inappropriate behaviour as it arises Assessing Learning Role – assess progress whether it be for internal purposes or national examination bodies Responsibility – offering feedback to students Evaluation Role – improve the teaching and learning process Responsibility – evaluate session taught perhaps through student reflective journals 1. 4 Review own role and responsibilities in identifying and meeting the needs of learner Reflective Journal Annex B To meet the needs of the learner, firstly I would conduct an initial assessment, particularly in the areas of key skills: literacy, numeracy and ICT. This would enable both myself and the learner to identify and agree areas where additional support was required to enhance learning Secondly I would negotiate Individual Learning Plans (ILPs) to enable both the learner and myself to set targets and monitor outcomes. Thirdly I would initiate regular tutorials where individuals could receive dedicated individual attention where achievement could be celebrated and support and help offered. Lastly, I would constantly be mindful of barriers to learning whether this be learning or personal ones. In such cases where there were issues depending on the nature of these issues I would either deal with them myself or signpost the student to an appropriate professional 2. Understand the relationships between teachers and other professionals in lifelong learning 2. 1 Analyse the boundaries between the teaching role and other professional roles There are three areas on which I intend to focus. First the teachers time is limited it therefore may be appropriate to refer a student to another professional, for example if the students wishes to discuss their career ideas, although I would feel comfortable doing this I may not have the time. I would therefore signpost them to a career expert. Secondly the teacher may not have a particular expertise and teachers should be respectful of the abilities of other professionals. For example if my computer projector broke down I would ask a technician to repair it. They would have both the expertise and health and safety knowledge to complete the task. Thirdly within the busy life of a classroom it is not always possible to meet the specific needs of the learner whether this is in respect of key skills, language barriers or personal problems. In any of the incidents it would be appropriate for me to refer them to another professional. The key is always to support the learning of the learner.

The Value of Currency in Eighteenth Century England Essay -- European

The Value of Currency in Eighteenth Century England For most of the eighteenth century, a shilling a day was a fair wage for most workers. Highly skilled workmen naturally made more; unskilled laborers and farm workers fared somewhat less favorably. One shilling would take home "5 Ibs.. of meat or four rabbits, 3 quarts of strong ale, or 6 gallons of 'middling' beer" (Mays 6). M. Dorothy George relates that the cheapest theatre seat, in the top gallery, was about a shilling. And the "weekly rent of a miserable London attic, ready furnished" might be 1 shilling six pence" (George Hogarth 51 n). John O'Donald Mays points out: The coin would also allow the traveler to ride about 4 miles on the stagecoach in winter, and a slightly greater distance in summer. At a noted Liverpool inn, 'The Lion,' a couple could pay a shilling and enjoy a fine meal consisting of veal cutlets, pigeons, asparagus, lamb and salad, apple-pie and tarts. In London the shilling had a slightly lower purchasing power than in the provinces, but nonetheless went a long way in supplying items for the family larder. For twelve pence one could get almost 4 Ibs.. of meat, 1 = Ibs.. of salt butter, almost 3 oz. of tea, 2 Ibs.. of sugar, and 2 Ibs.. of cheese. (quoted in Mays 7) For a country girl traveling to the city, the cheapest, and slowest, form of travel was the wagon. For a mere "shilling a day, which meant a halfpenny a mile," she might even have the luxury of lying in the soft straw. Nights however might also have to be spent either in the wagon or in a bam along the way since no respectable inn would lodge someone who rode in a wagon (George, Hogarth 51 ) . Not nearly so comfortable, but much more dignified, was the stage coach. ... ...(Porter 93). A Conversion Table from Roy Porter s English Society in the Eighteenth Century: * 12 pennies (d.) = 1 shilling (s.) * 20 shillings = 1 pound * 21 shillings = 1 guinea * 5 shillings = 1 crown 100 pounds in the 18 century = about 6,000 pounds today To roughly convert 18th century pounds to 1990 dollars, multiply by 100 (these exchange rates and computations, compliments of Dr. Grove) Works Cited Defoe, Daniel. The Complete English Tradesman. Gloucester: Allan Sutton Publ., 1987 - - - . Moll Flanders. Mineola: Dover, 1996. George, M. Dorothy. Hogarth to Cruikshank: Social Change in Graphic Satire. London: Viking, 1987. Mays, James O'Donald. The Splendid Shilling: A Social History of an Engaging Coin. Burley: Pardy & Son, 1982. Porter, Roy. English Society in the Eighteenth Century. London: Penguin, 1990.

Being Labeled Autistic

Being â€Å"Labeled† Autistic. First it is important to understand the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In this article you will identify the needs and interest of children with High Functioning Autism and Low Functioning Autism, the social and communication skills, behavioral abnormalities, learning disabilities, and functioning as an adult with Autism. I. Detecting Autism in a child. A. The signs, diagnosis and treatment. 1. Screening evaluations: All children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) demonstrate deficits in, social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communications and repetitive behaviors or interest.Also have poor eye contact, doesn’t smile, excessively lines up toys or other objects. Does not respond to name, or does not speak one word by the age of 16 months. The first signs of ASD can also appear in children who have seemed to be developing normally. 2. Interventions and treatments: It is important to remember that every person impacted by Autism is diff erent and may benefit from different treatments or interventions. These are a variety of interventions.Applied behavior analysis is effective when used to teach complex communication, social, play and self help skills. Discrete trial training is when a teacher presents an instruction and provides consequences for a correct or incorrect response. Speech Therapy provides professional help and guidance in communication skills. Gluten-free, Casein-free diets, are effective diets to improve communication, social interactions, and sleep patterns while reducing digestive problems and autistic behaviors. B. Autism Spectrum Disorders, interest and behaviors. . Social and communication skills: Autistic individuals usually display a very limited of interest and activities, repetitive behavior (example: repeating the same sentence over and over), obsessively following routines, or having methodical and specific ways of arranging things. For instance, a child may have little trouble learning to read, but exhibit poor social interaction. Often times between 12 and 36 months old, the differences in the way they react to people and other unusual behaviors become apparent.Each child will display communication, and social skills that are individual but fit into the overall diagnosis of ASD. 2. Behavioral and learning disabilities: Autism affects the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize. They have difficulty interpreting what others are thinking or feeling because they can’t understand social cues, such as tone of voice or facial expressions, and don’t watch other people’s faces for clues about appropriate behavior, they lack empathy.Children whose language skills regress early in life, before the age of 3, appear to have a higher than normal risk of developing epilepsy or seizure like brain activity. II. The difference between High Functioning Autism and Low Functioning Autism. A. The life of a High Functioning Autistic Child. 1. The functions of a High Functioning Child: High functioning means having an IQ of higher than 80. These individuals do not exhibit certain behaviors, such as self injury or aggression. They often have more normal functions and behaviors, such as speaking and carrying out day to day activities with no problems.Often they may have difficulty initiating love and friendship relationships, often being rejected because potential partners perceive them as being too nerdy or too intelligent. This can lead to low self esteem or loneliness. They do not lack empathy, although they may have trouble expressing it. In a well resourced educational institution they often do well academically if they can be simulated by good teachers. They are usually intelligent, gifted, honest and hard workers. Some are thought to become scientists and engineers. 2.The challenges of a High Functioning Autistic Child: Coping with this condition is a daily challenge, especially in the lacking of skills in interacting with others. These individuals have such social delays and difficulties that interaction with a normal social setting can be severely hampered. Some may have minor to moderate difficulty with motor skills and coordination. Also they may nurture a complex habitual movement at which they become adept, for example, rocking back and forth or bumping. B. The life of a Low Functioning Autistic Child. 1.The Functions of a Low Functioning Autistic Child: Low Functioning means having an IQ below 70. Also meaning severely autistic. These children do not speak, often do not understand receptive language, do not care nor do they wish to engage in conversation unless it is absolutely necessary and it is extremely limited due to the lack of speech, do not respond well to behavioral therapy, and do not show a great deal of improvement. Retardation is common, epilepsy is common, and other disorders may be present as well. They do not express emotions well, except anger.These emotions ar e unknown due to their inability to communicate. They can be violent and for no reason at all, attack someone and then be fine and passive again a few minutes later. 2. The challenges of a Low Functioning Autistic Child: Limited grammar and an impulsive sensitivity to stimulus are often thought to be typical of low functioning autism, as is a strong visual processing preference. These children with mental challenges are more likely to exhibit behavior and emotional problems. Academically, they lag behind in achievement for their age expectations.Typically they lag behind their piers three to four years. Children with severe Autism can acquire basic communication skills, both oral and written. III. Functioning as an Adult with Autism. A. Working and living as an Autistic adult. 1. Independent living vs. supervised living: Independent living involves persons living with Autism in their own apartment or house with little, if any support services. Support services may be limited to such areas as complex problem-solving, money management, or budgeting. In supervised group living, group homes are facilities that serve several individuals with disabilities.Adult foster care, individuals live in a home with a family, and is intended to be as permanent as possible. 2. Preparing the Autistic adult for employment: Many Autistic adults are capable of employment, especially those with high functioning autism, in sheltered workshops, under the supervision of working with persons with disabilities. Some of the teachings start from academics to more functional life skills and prevocational skills. Therefore, their educational goals need to focus on preparing them for employment and adult life. B.Relationships, marriage, and living life to the fullest. 1. Having social relationships: There are a significant number of Autistics who have done very well in relationships. Once an autistic crosses the threshold of dating, they will improve their knowledge and ability in handling re lationships. Adults on the Autism spectrum should watch as much adult television as they can enjoy. Cinematic depiction of emotions is particularly good as an educational tool.Some Autistics are gullible, but they also have the advantage of being able to look at things logically. 2. Happily married and raising a family: Many Autistics are happily married and parents. With knowledge of Autisim comes a much greater tendency to engage people who enjoy the company of someone with Autistic characteristics. There are a large number of anecdotal reports of good relationships involving Autistics.In concluding that Autism is not a disease, it is a way of life! Autism doesn’t need to be cured, it needs to be accepted and Autistics allowed to be themselves without fear. Most are average at a variety of things, just like the rest of society. They may work to develop their talents and become impressive teachers or mathematicians, but the majority aren’t prodigies. They are just peo ple who are good at some things and not others. Above all, treat Autistics as you would anyone else and allow for the differences that are sure to make themselves known.

Philip Gefter

In the world of art, the photograph has conventionally been used to establish original subjects that document and reflect cultures as accurately as possible. However, in Philip Gefter’s essay, â€Å"Photographic Icons: Fact, Fiction, or Metaphor†, Gefter points out that, â€Å"just because a photograph reflects the world with perceptual accuracy doesn’t mean it is proof of what actually transpired. (208)† What Gefter is telling us is that it is that the ordinary reality of the image is not what is important; the metaphoric truth is the significant factor. What makes photojournalism essential is that it helps show us how to view the world in an individualized way. It is, essentially, a public art, and its power and importance is a function of that artistry. From the war photography of Mathew Brady (who was known for moving dead bodies to create a scene) to Ruth Orkin (who directed a second shot to capture â€Å"American Girl in Italy†, when the first â€Å"real† shot was not to her liking), Gefter underscores that, although these shots are not the unedited version of life, this was life, just in a more appealing fashion. Gefter does not feel these photos are historically invalid. In fact, he believes that they are â€Å"proof of facts in real time, moments in history brought to the present. (208)† Seldom are photojournalistic efforts important primarily because of the â€Å"fact† of what they show; their informational value is minor. Such is the case of the 1956 United Press International photograph of Rosa Parks sitting at the front of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. For many years, we were led to believe that this photograph was taken on that famous day. It was not until many years later that Parks revealed that the photograph was taken over a year after the day she refused to give up her seat on the bus. The power of this photo resides in the image itself. In general, how much of the value we place on a photographic image is based on what’s actually in the photograph, and how much of it is based on what we’re told about the photograph? The photographer isn’t trying to cheat us by being deceitful in some way to history: Rosa Parks did start a revolution by sitting in the front of a bus while a white man sat behind her. The photograph is powerful enough to take us back to that famous day. It makes us feel as though we are stepping onto that bus, looking up to see a sight not seen before. Although it may not have been taken as the moment happened, it gives us an understanding. The manipulations that attended the creation of this picture are invisible, superficial elements. The amount of manipulation that will deprive a photograph of its value depends on the level of value we assign to it. We revere some photographs because they are images of a fact or time in history, others are compelling because they capture an aspect of the human condition, and yet others appeal to us because they point out to us something beautiful; it’s inspiring and exciting to be reminded that the world can be good and charming. All three of these perspectives ring true for the Parks photograph. She is an icon herself; her story is a force of history. She helped define human condition for an entire race of people and bolstered the Civil Rights Movement. And it is, without a doubt, a quiet, beautiful tale of a kind, demure woman who wanted change. As Gefter asserts, â€Å"Here is a staged document that has become a historic reference point (214-215)†, the power of this picture hangs on the basis that this is life. All photographs are subjective viewpoints. At the most fundamental level the photographer has decided where to position the camera, what is in or not in the frame, and when to take the shot. It is most certainly one of the reasons why not everyone who owns a camera is a photographer and not all photographers are the same. The real value of the art of photojournalism is its way of telling us the truth about that moment in time. Whether or not the photo was staged means little if it served its purpose. And the photo of Rosa Parks absolutely served its purpose; it invoked emotion and made us feel as if we were there. Sometimes fiction tells history truer than nonfiction. Photography is an art; it is an illustration of a point of view, or concept. Photography is story telling. Photography is history. Even if they were orchestrated, all of the photos Gefter discusses in his essay are historical documents. They represent a certain way of life, of thinking, a set of beliefs that the people that composed them held dear to them. Would anyone think less of a beautiful portrait just because the people in it posed for the artist? Art has a truth in itself. There are no lies in a work of art, because it is the observer who gives them value, meaning, and content. We need to be just more thorough to decipher the hidden truth. And that where lies most of the excitement of the beauty of a work of art; a brief look into past, in the development of the analysis of their hidden messages which are different for each and every one of us.